Bankart Lesion Repair

A Bankart lesion is typically repaired through arthroscopic surgery, where the torn labrum is reattached to the shoulder socket using suture anchors. This approach is commonly used to restore joint stability and reduce the risk of future dislocations. In more complex cases, such as those involving bone loss or previous surgery, additional procedures like the Latarjet may be considered based on the individual's needs and shoulder anatomy.

Surgery is often recommended for Bankart lesions that lead to recurrent shoulder dislocations or persistent instability. Physiotherapy may be trialled after a first-time dislocation, particularly in less active individuals. However, surgery is more commonly advised for younger or athletic patients, or when imaging shows a significant labral tear. The decision depends on the individual's symptoms, goals, and risk of future dislocation.

A Bankart repair is a type of labral repair performed in the shoulder, specifically addressing tears in the lower front (anteroinferior) part of the labrum caused by anterior dislocations. Labral repair is a broader term that can refer to surgery on the labrum of either the shoulder or hip, depending on the joint involved. The diagnosis, technique, and goals of treatment vary based on the joint, location of the tear, and underlying cause.

Bankart repair generally takes four to six months for full recovery, though healing can vary depending on individual factors and adherence to rehabilitation. Most patients progress through staged physiotherapy, starting with sling immobilisation and gradually regaining strength and motion. Clearance for contact sports typically occurs after six months. Your orthopaedic surgeon and physiotherapist can provide a more realistic timeline based on your specific condition and recovery progress.

If left untreated, a Bankart lesion may lead to recurrent shoulder dislocations, chronic instability, and increased risk of joint damage over time. This can affect athletic performance, daily activities, and long-term shoulder health. Some individuals may adapt with non-surgical management, but younger or more active patients often experience worsening symptoms.

Some labral tears, including certain Bankart lesions, may be managed without surgery using physiotherapy, activity modification, and strengthening exercises. This approach is more likely to help when symptoms are mild, the tear is small, or if you are less active. However, surgical repair is commonly recommended for individuals with ongoing instability or repeated dislocations.

A Hill-Sachs lesion is a dent in the back of the upper arm bone (humeral head), while a Bankart lesion is a tear in the front part of the shoulder socket's cartilage (labrum). Both often occur after anterior shoulder dislocation, but they affect different structures. Bankart lesions contribute to instability, whereas Hill-Sachs lesions may worsen it if large or engaging. They can occur separately or together depending on injury severity.

Bankart repair itself is not painful as it is performed under general anaesthesia, but some discomfort is expected in the initial days after surgery. Pain is usually well managed with prescribed medication and sling support. Discomfort typically decreases over the first few weeks, especially with guided physiotherapy. While pain levels vary between individuals, most patients find it temporary and manageable as recovery progresses.

Labrum repair is considered a minimally invasive orthopaedic procedure, particularly when done arthroscopically, but it still involves repairing joint structures and requires significant recovery. While not classified as major surgery in terms of systemic risk, it does involve general anaesthesia, a structured rehabilitation plan, and several months of healing. The level of surgical complexity and recovery demands can vary depending on the type and extent of the labral injury.

Most people can return to driving about four to six weeks after Bankart repair, once they are no longer using a sling and have regained adequate shoulder control and reaction time. However, this timeline can vary based on pain levels, range of motion, and which arm was operated on. For safety, driving should only resume after clearance from your orthopaedic surgeon and confirmation that you can drive without restriction.

Patients typically wear a sling for the first four weeks after Bankart repair to protect the repair and support early healing. Only limited arm movement is allowed during this time, under physiotherapy guidance. The sling is gradually removed as mobility and control improve. Always follow your orthopaedic surgeon's and physiotherapist's instructions on when and how to reduce sling use safely.

Leaving a torn labrum untreated may lead to chronic instability, repeated dislocations, shoulder weakness, or early joint wear. Some people manage well without surgery if symptoms are mild and the tear is small, but others experience worsening discomfort or impaired function over time. The decision depends on the type of tear, activity level, and severity of symptoms. If symptoms persist or interfere with your daily life, seek assessment from a shoulder specialist.

Bankart repair generally has a high success rate in restoring shoulder stability, particularly in first-time repairs and individuals without significant bone loss. Recurrence rates vary but are lower in older or less active patients and higher in contact athletes or those with anatomical risk factors. Most patients regain functional use of the shoulder with proper rehabilitation. Success depends on injury severity, surgical technique, and adherence to post-operative care.

Bankart repair may be worth considering for individuals experiencing recurrent shoulder dislocations or instability, especially if conservative treatment has not helped. Surgical repair aims to restore joint stability, reduce future dislocation risk, and support long-term function. While outcomes are generally positive, recovery requires commitment to rehabilitation. Whether it is appropriate depends on the individual's symptoms, activity level, and goals. It is best to consult a shoulder specialist to assess suitability for your specific condition.

Recovery difficulty depends on the type of surgery, injury severity, and individual factors. Procedures like shoulder replacement or rotator cuff repair are often considered more demanding due to extended healing times and postoperative pain. Bankart repair typically has a more structured and predictable recovery but still requires months of rehabilitation. The recovery varies based on the patient's age, occupation, and adherence to physiotherapy.

After Bankart repair, avoid any shoulder movement outside of prescribed physiotherapy, especially lifting, overhead reaching, or external rotation in the early stages. Driving, contact sports, and unsupported arm use should also be avoided until medically cleared. These precautions help protect the repair during healing. Adhering to your rehabilitation plan and avoiding premature activity are essential for recovery. Always follow your orthopaedic surgeon's and physiotherapist's instructions throughout the process.

A Bankart lesion can cause varying levels of pain, depending on whether the shoulder is actively unstable or has recently dislocated. Some individuals experience sharp pain during certain movements, while others feel general discomfort, weakness, or clicking. Pain may worsen with overhead activity or sports. In some cases, the injury is more associated with instability than pain. If pain persists or worsens, seek medical evaluation from an orthopaedic specialist to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.

Surgical repair of a labral tear may be worthwhile if the injury causes significant instability, limits function, or does not respond to conservative treatment. Many individuals return to normal activity with physiotherapy alone, but surgery is often considered for younger, active patients or those with repeated dislocations. The decision depends on the tear's type, severity, and personal goals. It is advisable to consult an orthopaedic specialist to weigh the potential benefits and alternatives in your case.

Some people recover from a Bankart lesion without surgery, particularly if the tear is small and the shoulder remains stable. Physiotherapy may help strengthen supporting muscles and reduce the risk of dislocation. However, recurrent instability is common, especially in younger or highly active individuals, and may eventually require surgery. If dislocations persist or symptoms interfere with daily activities, seek timely assessment from a shoulder specialist to explore appropriate treatment options.