In this article, Dr Foo outlines the typical recovery timeline after ACL surgery, with practical tips on rehab exercises, nutrition, and injury prevention to support a safe and effective return to activity.

Dr Foo Gen Lin of Apex Sports Clinic.
By: Dr Foo Gen Lin
MBBS (University of London) | MMed (Ortho) | FRCSEd (Ortho) | FAMS (Ortho)
  • Over 15 Years of Experience
  • Over 30,000 Patients Seen
  • Minimally Invasive Treatment & Non-surgical Options Available
  • Article last updated: May 26, 2025
Dr Foo Gen Lin of Apex Sports Clinic. Dr Foo Gen Lin of Apex Sports Clinic.
Knee brace fitted by physiotherapist for ACL recovery.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery is a common procedure for treating ACL tears caused by sports injuries or accidents. Recovery after surgery is gradual, involving progressive goals to rebuild knee stability, flexibility, and overall function.

Having a clear understanding of what to expect during each stage of recovery can help you prepare both mentally and physically.

Whether your goal is to return to sports or simply resume daily routines, this guide outlines the typical ACL recovery timeline along with practical tips to support a smooth and successful rehabilitation.

ACL Surgery Recovery Timeline

Recovering from ACL surgery progresses in stages, each focusing on specific goals to restore knee function, mobility, and strength:

Recovery Phase Key Recovery Goals What to Expect
0-6 Weeks: Immediate Phase
  1. Manage pain and swelling
  2. Protect the knee joint and surgical site
  3. Regain initial range of motion
  • Swelling and discomfort are common in the first few weeks. Ice therapy, leg elevation, and prescribed pain medication can help reduce swelling and manage discomfort.
  • Use of a knee brace and crutches for stability.
  • Gentle range-of-motion exercises begin early to prevent stiffness and restore movement.
  • By week 4 or 5, most individuals can bear full weight with crutches and start transitioning to walking independently as stability improves.
6-12 Weeks: Strengthening Phase
  1. Restore full range of motion
  2. Build strength in the knee and surrounding muscles
  • Swelling and pain should be minimal.
  • Physiotherapy progresses to include resistance exercises like bodyweight squats and leg presses.
  • Low-impact cardio, such as cycling or swimming, may be introduced to improve endurance.
3-6 Months: Advanced Rehabilitation
  1. Enhance strength, agility, and coordination
  2. Prepare for a gradual return to physical activity
  • Physiotherapy focuses on balance and coordination for improved knee function.
  • Strength exercises increase in intensity, incorporating heavier resistance.
  • Light jogging may begin in the fourth or fifth month.
6-12 Months: Full Return
  1. Restore full knee function and responsiveness
  2. Reduce reinjury risk with sport-specific training
  • Balance and coordination exercises continue to optimise knee function.
  • Recreational sports like hiking, cycling, swimming, or casual tennis can be reintroduced under supervision.
  • Clearance from a physiotherapist or orthopaedic specialist is advised before returning to competitive or high-intensity sports like soccer or marathon running.

The recovery timeline and process may vary depending on adherence to rehabilitation, how well the knee heals, and your overall physical condition.

Knee Icon ACL injuries can affect knee stability and long-term function if left unaddressed. Early evaluation can help identify potential issues and prevent complications with knee function. If you're experiencing discomfort, stiffness, or concerns about your recovery, consult an ACL specialist and surgeon today.
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Therapeutic tape applied to support ACL-injured knee.

Tips for a Smoother Recovery From ACL Surgery

1. Adhere to Physiotherapy Programme

Rehabilitation exercises are key to restoring strength, stability, and mobility after ACL surgery. Attending physiotherapy sessions and following prescribed exercises consistently will support steady recovery and reduce setbacks.

Staying committed to your rehabilitation plan ensures continuous progress and a smooth transition back to daily activities.

2. Monitor for Warning Signs

While some discomfort is normal, persistent swelling, instability, severe pain, redness, or difficulty bearing weight may indicate complications. Signs of infection, such as warmth around the knee, pus, unusual drainage, or fever, should not be ignored. Seek medical attention promptly if you experience these symptoms to prevent further complications.

High-protein foods aiding ACL surgery recovery.

3. Maintain a Balanced Diet

Proper nutrition supports tissue repair and muscle recovery. A diet rich in protein, vitamins (C, D, and E), and minerals like calcium promotes healing and strengthens surrounding muscles.

Staying hydrated aids circulation, reduces inflammation, and helps transport essential nutrients. Follow your specialist’s advice to ensure your diet meets recovery needs.

4. Avoid Premature Return to Sports

Resuming activity too soon increases the risk of reinjury or graft failure. High-impact movements place excessive strain on the healing ligament, potentially leading to swelling, instability, or the need for revision surgery. Always follow the advice of your physiotherapist or specialist, and if unsure, consult them before resuming strenuous activities.

5. Use Supportive Gear When Necessary

If prescribed, wear a knee brace as directed to stabilise the joint and prevent excessive movement, reducing the risk of reinjury. Properly fitted footwear with good arch support helps distribute weight evenly and minimises knee strain. Additional supportive gear, such as compression sleeves or knee guards, can provide extra reinforcement and comfort during rehabilitation.

Man doing lunges to support ACL rehabilitation.

How to Prevent ACL Reinjury After Recovery?

Reinjuring the ACL after full recovery can cause extended downtime, knee instability, and, in some cases, may require revision ACL surgery, which is often more complex than the initial procedure.

To reduce the risk and avoid complications, consider the following strategies:

  • Maintain Strength and Stability: Regularly perform strength training exercises targeting the quadriceps, hamstrings, glutes, and core to enhance knee support and reduce strain on the ligament.
  • Improve Movement Mechanics: Practise proper landing, cutting, and pivoting techniques, especially for sports or high-impact activities, to minimise unnecessary stress on the knee.
  • Avoid Sudden Increase in Activity: Gradually progress in intensity and duration to prevent excessive strain. Returning to high-impact activities too quickly can significantly raise the risk of reinjury.
  • Prioritise Recovery and Rest: Ensuring adequate rest between training sessions and addressing any discomfort early can prevent overuse injuries.

Every patient deserves a treatment plan tailored to their needs. We start with non-surgical approaches before considering more invasive interventions.

Dr Foo Gen Lin: Orthopaedic Specialist & Surgeon

Dr Foo Gen Lin

Where Can I Find an ACL Surgeon in Singapore?

Apex Novena

8774 5468
admin@apexsportsclinic.sg
101 Irrawaddy Rd, #18-12 Royal Square Medical Centre, Singapore 329565
Nearest MRT: NS20 Novena

Apex East Coast

8321 9004
admin@apexsportsclinic.sg
112 E Coast Rd, #03-03/04 i12 Katong, Singapore 428802
Nearest MRT: TE26 Marine Parade

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Dr Foo Gen Lin using a knee model to explain treatment options during patient consultation.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Most individuals begin walking with crutches immediately after surgery and gradually transition to full weight-bearing within four to six weeks. Walking without crutches and with a more natural gait typically occurs between six to twelve weeks, depending on physiotherapy progress and knee stability.

The initial rest period is typically the first few days post-surgery, focusing on pain management, swelling reduction, and wound healing. However, recovery extends over several months, with gradual increases in activity through a structured physiotherapy programme. Most individuals require at least 6 to 9 months before returning to high-impact activities.

Pain typically peaks within the first 48 to 72 hours after surgery due to post-operative swelling and inflammation. Proper pain management, including prescribed medications, icing, and elevation, can help control discomfort during this period.

Following a structured physiotherapy programme, managing pain and swelling effectively, maintaining a balanced diet, and staying hydrated can all contribute to a smoother recovery. Adhering to medical advice, avoiding premature high-impact activities, and keeping up with strengthening exercises are also important.

With physiotherapy, it typically takes 6 to 12 months for the knee to regain strength and stability. While daily activities may feel comfortable within a few months, achieving full knee function, especially for sports or high-impact activities, requires ongoing rehabilitation and strengthening. Your specialist or physiotherapist will monitor your progress and guide your recovery.

Signs of healing include reduced swelling, improved range of motion, increased knee stability, and the ability to bear weight without discomfort. Regular physiotherapy assessments help track progress and ensure the recovery is on course.

Many individuals regain full function and return to their pre-injury activity levels, particularly with consistent rehabilitation. However, some may experience minor stiffness, reduced endurance, or increased reinjury risk, depending on factors like adherence to recovery protocols and individual healing capacity.

Sitting normally is possible within the first few days after surgery, but prolonged knee bending may cause discomfort. Elevating your leg and adjusting your posture can help reduce stiffness. It is important to follow your doctor’s instructions for the initial recovery phase to ensure proper healing and reduce risk of reinjury.

ACL surgery recovery typically takes 6 to 12 months for full function, with milestones like walking and light activity achieved earlier. Recovery time can vary based on factors such as the severity of the injury, adherence to rehabilitation, and the individual’s overall health and fitness level.

Recovery after ACL surgery typically takes 6 to 12 months, with gradual progress through physiotherapy. Factors such as the severity of the injury, adherence to rehabilitation, and overall health can influence recovery time.

In the early recovery phase, avoid excessive knee bending, high-impact activities, sudden movements, and prolonged standing. Skipping physiotherapy sessions or overexerting the knee too soon can slow recovery and increase the risk of complications. Following your doctor’s instructions is essential for a smooth recovery and reducing the risk of reinjury.

The most challenging aspects include the initial post-surgery discomfort, regaining full knee extension, rebuilding muscle strength, and resisting the temptation to return to activities too soon. Patience and adherence to a rehabilitation plan are key to long-term success.

Warning signs of infection include excessive redness or warmth around the incision, pus or unusual drainage, and fever. Other concerning symptoms include persistent swelling, severe pain that does not improve, and a feeling of knee instability. If you experience any of these symptoms, seek medical attention promptly to prevent complications.

Yes, but with caution. Most individuals can begin using stairs with crutches within the first few weeks by following a step-by-step method guided by a physiotherapist. Full confidence in stair climbing usually returns within two to three months. It is important to follow your doctor or physiotherapist’s instructions to ensure a smooth recovery.

Recovery from surgery to repair a full ACL tear typically takes 6 to 12 months, depending on the severity of the tear, adherence to rehabilitation, and the individual’s overall health.